AR systems use camera-equipped devices to capture the real world and detect physical objects and user movement. The system processes this information—sometimes via cloud-based digital twins or AI object recognition—and overlays digital content onto the user’s view. This content is dynamically rendered based on orientation, location, or context, and users interact through gestures, touch, or voice. Some AR systems are marker-based (triggered by visual cues), while others are marker-less, using spatial mapping for more dynamic experiences.